| Application | Recommended Grades | Main Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| General Industrial Machinery | 304 / 304L | Corrosion resistance + weldability |
| Chemical Equipment | 316L / 317L / 2205 | Chemical and corrosion resistance |
| Industrial Tanks | 304L / 316L / 2205 | Corrosion resistance + excellent weldability |
| Pressure Vessels | 304L / 316L / 2205 | Strength + corrosion resistance |
| Heat Exchangers | 304L / 316L / 321 | Corrosion + temperature resistance |
| Pumps & Valves | 316L / 410 / 420 / 17-4PH | Corrosion / strength / wear resistance |
| Shafts & Mechanical Components | 410 / 420 / 17-4PH | High strength + hardness |
| Wear-Resistant Components | 410 / 420 / 440C | Hardness + wear resistance |
| Heavy-Duty Machinery | 2205 / 17-4PH | High strength |
| Food Machinery | 304 / 304L / 316L | Hygiene + corrosion resistance |
| Pharmaceutical Equipment | 316L | Cleanability + corrosion resistance |
| Oil & Gas Equipment | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | Chloride resistance + strength |
| Mining Equipment | 410 / 420 / 2205 | Wear resistance + strength |
| Water Treatment Equipment | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | Corrosion + chloride resistance |
| Desalination Equipment | 2205 / 2507 / 316L | Excellent chloride resistance |
| High-Temperature Equipment | 321 / 309S / 310S | Heat and oxidation resistance |
| Furnace Components | 309S / 310S | High-temperature oxidation resistance |
| Industrial Housings & Enclosures | 304 / 430 | Corrosion resistance + cost efficiency |
| Structural Components | 304 / 316L / 2205 | Strength + durability |
304 / 304L
Machine Frames · Equipment Housings · Covers · Panels · Brackets · Structural Components
304 is the general-purpose choice for industrial machinery where good corrosion resistance, formability and weldability are required.
304L is preferred for heavily welded equipment because its low-carbon composition helps reduce the risk of sensitization in welded areas.
Good Corrosion Resistance · Excellent Weldability · Good Formability · Reliable Cost Performance
316L / 317L / 2205
Chemical Tanks · Reactors · Mixing Equipment · Process Equipment · Piping Components
316L
The primary choice when corrosion resistance needs to exceed the capability of 304, particularly in many chloride-containing or chemical environments.
317L
For more demanding chemical environments requiring higher alloy content than 316L.
2205 Duplex
For applications requiring a combination of higher strength and corrosion resistance.
Chemical compatibility must always be checked against the specific chemical concentration, temperature and exposure conditions.
304L / 316L / 2205
Storage Tanks · Process Tanks · Mixing Tanks · Liquid Tanks · Silos · Chemical Tanks
| Requirement | Recommended Grade |
|---|---|
| General industrial storage | 304L |
| Corrosive media | 316L |
| Chloride / demanding environment | 316L / 2205 |
| High strength requirement | 2205 |
| Heavy welded construction | 304L / 316L |
304L / 316L / 2205
Pressure equipment requires careful consideration of strength, corrosion resistance, temperature and applicable pressure-vessel codes.
304L → General corrosion-resistant pressure equipment
316L → More corrosive environments
2205 → Higher strength and corrosion resistance where the design permits duplex stainless steel
Duplex 2205 offers substantially higher yield strength than conventional 304/316L, making it attractive for some weight-sensitive pressure applications.
304L / 316L / 321 / 2205
304L
For general-purpose heat exchanger applications.
316L
For chloride-containing or more corrosive process environments.
321
For elevated-temperature applications where stabilized austenitic stainless steel is advantageous.
2205
For applications requiring higher strength and enhanced corrosion resistance.
Shells · Plates · Structural Components · Process Equipment · Heat Transfer Systems
316L / 410 / 420 / 17-4PH
This application requires different grades depending on whether the main requirement is corrosion resistance or mechanical strength/wear resistance.
316L → Corrosive fluid service
410 → Strength and moderate corrosion resistance
420 → Higher hardness and wear resistance
17-4PH → High-strength mechanical components
Martensitic grades such as 410/420 are commonly selected for high-hardness or wear-related mechanical components, while 316/316L is favored where corrosion resistance is the dominant requirement.
410 / 420 / 440C / 17-4PH
High Strength · Hardness · Wear Resistance · Fatigue Performance
410
Good balance of strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
420
Higher hardness and wear resistance.
440C
For demanding high-hardness and wear-resistant applications.
17-4PH
For high-strength mechanical components requiring excellent strength after heat treatment.
2205 / 17-4PH
When machinery operates under high mechanical loads, pressure or demanding service conditions, higher-strength stainless steels may provide significant advantages.
High Strength + Corrosion Resistance
Very High Strength + Hardness + Mechanical Performance
Duplex 2205 can provide roughly twice the yield strength of conventional austenitic grades such as 304/316L, making it particularly attractive for heavy-duty applications.
410 / 420 / 440C
Wear Plates · Blades · Shafts · Gears · Rollers · Cutting Components · Mechanical Parts
410 → General high-strength and wear applications
420 → Higher hardness and wear resistance
440C → High-hardness and demanding wear applications
316L / 2205 / 2507
Process Equipment · Storage Tanks · Offshore Equipment · Separators · Pressure Equipment · Structural Components
316L
For general corrosive and chloride-containing environments.
2205
For applications requiring higher strength and enhanced resistance to chloride-related corrosion.
2507 Super Duplex
For highly demanding chloride-containing environments where very high corrosion resistance is required.
316L / 2205 / 2507
Water Treatment Equipment · Filtration Systems · Storage Tanks · Pumps · Desalination Systems · Brine Equipment
Fresh / Mildly Corrosive Water → 304L / 316L
Chloride-Containing Water → 316L / 2205
Seawater / High Chloride → 2205 / 2507
For aggressive seawater service, duplex and super-duplex grades are often considered because of their stronger chloride corrosion resistance.
321 / 309S / 310S
Industrial Ovens · Furnace Components · Heat Shields · Burners · Heat Treatment Equipment · High-Temperature Machinery
321
Suitable for elevated-temperature applications where stabilized austenitic stainless steel is required.
309S
Suitable for medium-to-high temperature applications.
310S
Designed for more demanding high-temperature oxidation environments and is widely used in furnace and thermal equipment.
304 / 430
Machine Covers · Electrical Enclosures · Control Cabinets · Equipment Panels · Protective Housings
304 → Better corrosion resistance and general-purpose performance
430 → Cost-effective option for relatively mild indoor environments
316L
Mixing Equipment · Storage Tanks · Processing Equipment · Pharmaceutical Machinery · Cleanroom Equipment
316L is widely selected where cleanability, corrosion resistance and welded fabrication performance are critical.
| Main Requirement | Recommended Grade |
|---|---|
| General Industrial Machinery | 304 / 304L |
| Heavy Welding | 304L / 316L |
| Chemical Exposure | 316L / 317L |
| Chloride Exposure | 316L / 2205 |
| High Strength | 2205 / 17-4PH |
| High Hardness | 420 / 440C |
| Wear Resistance | 410 / 420 / 440C |
| High Temperature | 321 / 309S / 310S |
| Seawater | 2205 / 2507 |
| Pharmaceutical | 316L |
| Food Machinery | 304 / 316L |
| Cost-Sensitive Indoor Equipment | 430 |
Best for:
General machinery · Equipment housings · Tanks · Structural components
Key advantages:
Good corrosion resistance + excellent weldability + good formability
Best for:
Chemical equipment · Pharmaceutical equipment · Marine equipment · Pumps · Tanks
Key advantages:
Enhanced chloride and corrosion resistance
Best for:
Pressure vessels · Heavy machinery · Oil & gas · Water treatment · Chemical equipment
Key advantages:
High strength + excellent corrosion resistance
Best for:
Shafts · Valves · Gears · Blades · Mechanical components
Key advantages:
High hardness + wear resistance + mechanical strength
Best for:
High-load machinery · Valve components · Shafts · Mechanical parts
Key advantages:
Very high strength + hardness + dimensional stability
Best for:
Furnaces · Ovens · Heat treatment equipment · Thermal machinery
Key advantages:
High-temperature strength + oxidation resistance
Wide Grade Selection
304 / 304L / 316 / 316L / 321 / 310S / 410 / 420 / 430 / 2205 / 2507 / 17-4PH
Industrial-Grade Quality
Materials selected according to corrosion, temperature, strength and wear requirements.
Heavy-Gauge Sheet & Plate
Suitable for tanks, pressure vessels, machinery and industrial structures.
International Standards
ASTM · ASME · JIS · EN · GB/T
Material Certification
MTC / EN 10204 3.1 and project-specific documentation available according to requirements.
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