| Application | Recommended Grades | Recommended Surface | Key Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Processing Equipment | 316L / 904L / 2205 | 2B / No.1 | Corrosion resistance against process media |
| Chemical Storage Tanks | 304L / 316L / 2205 | 2B / No.1 | Corrosion resistance and weldability |
| Acid Storage Equipment | 316L / 904L | 2B / No.1 | Enhanced resistance to aggressive chemical media |
| Petrochemical Equipment | 304L / 316L / 321 / 347 | 2B / No.1 | Corrosion and elevated-temperature performance |
| Refinery Equipment | 316L / 321 / 347 / 904L | No.1 / 2B | Corrosion and high-temperature resistance |
| Oil & Gas Process Equipment | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | 2B / No.1 | Strength and corrosion resistance |
| Offshore Platforms | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | No.1 / 2B | Chloride resistance and high strength |
| Subsea Equipment | 2205 / 2507 | No.1 / 2B | High strength and severe chloride resistance |
| Pipelines & Flowlines | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | No.1 | Corrosion resistance and pressure capability |
| Pressure Vessels | 304L / 316L / 2205 | No.1 | Strength, toughness and corrosion resistance |
| Heat Exchangers | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | 2B / No.1 | Corrosion resistance and heat-transfer service |
| Separators | 316L / 2205 / 2507 | No.1 | Corrosion resistance and mechanical strength |
| Pumps & Valves | 316L / 2205 / 2507 / 410 | 2B / No.1 | Corrosion, strength and wear resistance |
| Seawater Systems | 2205 / 2507 | 2B / No.1 | High chloride and seawater resistance |
| Desalination Equipment | 2205 / 2507 | 2B / No.1 | Pitting and crevice corrosion resistance |
| High-Temperature Equipment | 321 / 347 / 310S | No.1 / 2B | Elevated-temperature performance |
| Oil & Gas Storage Tanks | 304L / 316L / 2205 | No.1 | Corrosion resistance and structural strength |
| Sour Service Equipment | 2205 / 2507 / High Alloy | No.1 | Enhanced resistance under specific sour-service conditions |
316L / 904L / 2205
2B · No.1
316L
A versatile choice for many chemical processing applications where improved corrosion resistance compared with 304L is required.
904L
Suitable for more aggressive environments, particularly certain acid-containing process media.
2205 Duplex
Recommended when both higher mechanical strength and enhanced chloride corrosion resistance are required. Duplex 2205 is widely used in chemical processing applications.
Reactors · Process Tanks · Process Vessels · Chemical Storage · Heat Exchangers · Process Equipment
304L / 316L / 2205
2B · No.1
304L
Suitable for relatively mild chemical and general industrial environments.
316L
Preferred where greater corrosion resistance is required.
2205
Suitable for more demanding chloride-containing environments where higher strength is also beneficial.
Chemical Storage Tanks · Mixing Tanks · Process Tanks · Liquid Storage Equipment
316L / 904L / 2205
The correct grade must be selected according to the specific acid, concentration, temperature and operating conditions.
316L can be suitable for many moderately corrosive environments.
904L provides substantially higher alloy content and is used for certain aggressive chemical and acid environments.
2205 can be advantageous in chloride-containing environments where strength and resistance to localized corrosion are important.
Acid Tanks · Chemical Reactors · Process Vessels · Chemical Processing Systems
304L / 316L / 321 / 347 / 904L
No.1 · 2B
304L
For general petrochemical equipment and relatively mild service.
316L
For equipment requiring enhanced corrosion resistance.
321 / 347
For elevated-temperature applications where stabilized stainless steel grades are advantageous.
904L
For selected highly corrosive downstream process environments.
316L / 321 / 347 / 904L
No.1 / 2B
Refinery environments can involve high temperatures, sulfur-containing compounds, hydrocarbons and corrosive process streams, so grade selection should be based on the actual process conditions.
Process Vessels · Heat Exchangers · Storage Tanks · Separators · Piping Components · Refinery Equipment
316L / 2205 / 2507
No.1 / 2B
316L
Suitable for many general process and marine-related applications.
2205
A workhorse duplex grade for applications requiring a combination of high strength and chloride corrosion resistance.
2507 Super Duplex
For more severe chloride, seawater and demanding offshore environments.
Process Vessels · Separators · Piping Systems · Heat Exchangers · Offshore Equipment
316L / 2205 / 2507
No.1 / 2B
Offshore environments combine high humidity, salt spray, chloride exposure and demanding mechanical conditions.
316L → General marine/offshore applications
2205 → Higher strength + improved chloride resistance
2507 → Severe chloride and seawater exposure
Duplex and super duplex grades are widely used in offshore oil & gas applications because of their combination of strength and corrosion resistance.
2205 / 2507
No.1 / 2B
2205 is suitable for many subsea applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance.
2507 is preferred for more aggressive seawater and chloride environments where higher pitting and crevice corrosion resistance is required.
Subsea Manifolds · Subsea Equipment · Riser Components · Valves · Connectors · Pressure Equipment
316L / 2205 / 2507
No.1
316L → General corrosion-resistant process systems
2205 → Higher strength and chloride resistance
2507 → Severe chloride / seawater environments
Duplex 2205 and super duplex 2507 are commonly considered for oil & gas piping and flowline applications where standard austenitic stainless steel may not provide sufficient performance.
304L / 316L / 2205
No.1
304L
General pressure vessel applications.
316L
For improved corrosion resistance.
2205
When higher strength and chloride resistance are required.
Pressure Vessels · Process Vessels · Storage Vessels · Separators · Chemical Tanks
316L / 2205 / 2507
2B / No.1
316L is widely used for general corrosion-resistant heat exchanger applications.
2205 offers higher strength and good chloride resistance.
2507 is suitable for more severe seawater and chloride-containing service.
316L / 2205 / 2507
Separators can be exposed to combinations of:
Oil · Gas · Water · Chlorides · H₂S · CO₂
316L → General corrosion-resistant service
2205 → Higher strength and chloride resistance
2507 → More severe offshore and chloride environments
316L / 2205 / 2507 / 410
316L
General corrosion-resistant pump and valve components.
2205
Higher strength and corrosion resistance.
2507
Severe chloride and offshore service.
410
Can be considered for selected components requiring higher hardness, strength and wear resistance, provided the corrosion environment is suitable.
2205 / 2507
2B / No.1
Seawater contains high levels of chloride, making material selection particularly important.
2205 is suitable for many moderately aggressive seawater applications.
2507 provides a higher level of pitting and crevice corrosion resistance for more severe seawater conditions.
Desalination Plants · Seawater Tanks · Water Treatment Equipment · Pumps · Heat Exchangers · Piping Systems
321 / 347 / 310S
No.1 / 2B
321 / 347
Stabilized austenitic grades suitable for selected elevated-temperature applications.
310S
Designed for demanding high-temperature oxidation-resistant service.
Furnace Components · Heat Shields · High-Temperature Process Equipment · Refinery Equipment
| Application / Environment | Recommended Grade |
|---|---|
| General Chemical Equipment | 304L / 316L |
| Corrosive Chemical Equipment | 316L / 904L |
| Chloride Chemical Environment | 316L / 2205 |
| Chemical Storage Tanks | 304L / 316L / 2205 |
| Petrochemical Equipment | 316L / 321 / 347 |
| Oil Refinery | 316L / 321 / 347 / 904L |
| General Oil & Gas | 316L |
| Offshore Oil & Gas | 316L / 2205 |
| Severe Offshore | 2205 / 2507 |
| Subsea Equipment | 2205 / 2507 |
| Seawater Equipment | 2205 / 2507 |
| Heat Exchangers | 316L / 2205 / 2507 |
| Pressure Vessels | 304L / 316L / 2205 |
| Separators | 316L / 2205 / 2507 |
| Sour Service* | 2205 / 2507 / Higher Alloys |
| High Temperature | 321 / 347 / 310S |
| Acid Service | 316L / 904L / Grade-Specific |
* Sour-service selection must be verified against the actual H₂S environment and applicable requirements such as NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156; a grade should not be selected solely from the application name.
Suitable for relatively mild chemical, petrochemical and industrial environments where severe chloride exposure is not present.
A very versatile grade for chemical processing, petrochemical equipment, marine environments and oil & gas auxiliary/process systems.
Recommended for selected high-temperature refinery and petrochemical equipment.
Suitable for selected aggressive acid and chemical processing environments, subject to detailed media compatibility.
The key duplex grade for chemical processing, offshore oil & gas, pressure equipment, separators, heat exchangers and chloride-containing environments.
For demanding offshore, subsea, seawater, high-chloride and severe corrosion environments where 2205 may not provide sufficient resistance.
| Application | Recommended Surface |
|---|---|
| Chemical Processing Equipment | 2B / No.1 |
| Chemical Storage Tanks | 2B / No.1 |
| Petrochemical Equipment | No.1 / 2B |
| Oil & Gas Equipment | No.1 / 2B |
| Pressure Vessels | No.1 |
| Offshore Equipment | No.1 / 2B |
| Heat Exchangers | 2B / No.1 |
| Seawater Equipment | 2B / No.1 |
| Industrial Tanks | No.1 |
| High-Temperature Equipment | No.1 / 2B |
Suitable for demanding chemical and hydrocarbon processing environments.
Duplex grades such as 2205 and 2507 provide significantly higher strength than conventional austenitic grades, enabling efficient designs in selected applications.
316L, 2205 and 2507 can be selected progressively according to chloride exposure and project requirements.
321, 347 and 310S are suitable for selected elevated-temperature applications.
Properly selected stainless steel can provide durable performance in harsh industrial environments.
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